Medizinische Hochschule Hannover : Publications Claus Group

Sebastian Rademacher, Nora T. Detering, Tobias Schüning, Robert Lindner, Pamela Santonicola, Inga-Maria Wefel, Janina Dehus, Lisa M. Walter, Hella Brinkmann, Agathe Niewienda, Katharina Janek, Miguel A. Varela, Melissa Bowerman, Elia Di Schiavi, and Peter Claus (2020): A single amino acid residue regulates PTEN-binding and stability of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy protein SMN. Cells 9: 2405.

Gamze Bora, Niko Hensel, Sebastian Rademacher, Dila Koyunoğlu, Merve Sunguroğlu, Evrim Aksu-Mengeş, Burcu Balci-Hayta, Peter Claus, Hayat Erdem-Yurter (2020): Microtubule associated protein 1B dysregulates microtubule dynamics and neuronal mitochondrial transport in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Hum. Mol. Gen., in press.

Niko Hensel, Verena Raker, Benjamin Förthmann, Anna Buch, Beate Sodeik, Andreas Pich and Peter Claus (2020): The proteome and secretome of cortical brain cells infected with herpes simplex virus. Front. Neurol 11:844. doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00844

Niko Hensel, Hermann Brickwedde, Konstantinos Tsaknakis, Antonia Grages, Lena Braunschweig, Katja A Lüders, Heiko Matthias Lorenz, Sebastian Lippross, Lisa Marie Walter, Frank Tavassol, Stefan Lienenklaus, Claudia Neunaber, Peter Claus#, and Anna Kathrin Hell# (2020): Altered bone development with impaired cartilage formation precedes neuromuscular symptoms in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). #, contributed equally as senior authors. Hum. Mol. Gen. 29: 2662-2673.

Hazel Allardyce, Daniela Kuhn, Elena Hernandez-Gerez, Niko Hensel, Yu-Ting Huang, Kiterie Faller, Thomas H. Gillingwater, Fabio Quondamatteo, Peter Claus, Simon H. Parson (2020): Renal pathology in a mouse model of severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy is associated with downregulation of Glial Cell-Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF). Hum. Mol. Gen. 29: 2365–2378.

Nina Ahlskog, Daniel Hayler, Anja Krueger, Sabrina Kubinski, Peter Claus, Suzan M. Hammond, Matthew JA Wood, Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz, Melissa Bowerman (2020): Muscle overexpression of Klf15 via an AAV8-Spc5-12 construct does not provide benefits in spinal muscular atrophy mice. Gene Therapy 27: 505-515.

Niko Hensel, Sabrina Kubinski and Peter Claus (2020): The Need for SMN-Independent Treatments of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) to Complement SMN-Enhancing Drugs. Front. Neurology 11: 45. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00045

Niko Hensel, Nora Tula Detering, Lisa Walter, and Peter Claus (2020): Resolution of pathogenic R-loops rescues motoneuron degeneration in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Brain 143: 2-5. doi: 10.1093/brain/awz394.

Frank Brand, Alisa Förster, Anne Christians, Martin Bucher, Carina Thomé, Marc S. Raab, Manfred Westphal, Torsten Pietsch, Andreas von Deimling, Guido Reifenberger, Peter Claus, Bettina Hentschel, Michael Weller, Ruthild G. Weber (2020): FOCAD loss is associated with decreased survival in astrocytic glioma, impacts microtubules and G2/M progression. Acta Neuropathologica 139: 175-192. doi: 10.1007/s00401-019-02067-z

Lisa Marie Walter, Peter Franz, Robert Lindner, Georgios Tsiavaliaris, Niko Hensel, Peter Claus (2020): Profilin2a-phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism for actin dynamics. FASEB J. 34: 2147-2160. doi:10.1096/fj.201901883R

Niko Hensel*, Verena Raker*, Benjamin Förthmann, Nora-Tula Detering, Sabrina Kubinski, Anna Buch, Georgios Katzilieris-Petras, Julia Spanier, Viktoria Gudi8, Sylvia Wagenknecht, Verena Kopfnagel, Thomas Andreas Werfel, Martin Stangel, Andreas Beineke, Ulrich Kalinke, Søren Riis Paludan, Beate Sodeik, and Peter Claus (2019): HSV-1 triggers paracrine fibroblast growth factor response from cortical brain cells via immediate-early protein ICP0. Journal of Neuroinflammation 16:248. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1647-5.

Gamze Bora, Caren Sucularli, Niko Hensel, Peter Claus, Hayat Erdem Yurter (2019): Investigations of Microtubule-associated Protein 2 Gene Expression in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J. Pediatr. Res. 6: 148-154.

Marc-Olivier Deguise, Giovanni Baranello, Chiara Mastella, Ariane Beauvais, Jean Michaud, Alessandro Leone, Ramona De Amicis, Alberto Battezzati, Christopher Dunham, Kathryn Selby, Jodi Warman Chardon, Hugh J McMillan, Yu-Ting Huang, Natalie L. Courtney, Alannah J. Mole, Sabrina Kubinski, Peter Claus, Lyndsay M. Murray, Melissa Bowerman, Thomas H. Gillingwater, Simona Bertoli, Simon H. Parson, and Rashmi Kothary, PhD (2019): Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is a core component of spinal muscular atrophy. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 6:1519-1532.

Bianca Schröder-Heurich, Sandra von Hardenberg, Lars Brodowski, Berina Kipke, Katja Borns, Constantin S. von Kaisenberg, Hella Brinkmann, Peter Claus, Frauke von Versen-Höynck (2019): Vitamin D improves endothelial barrier integrity and counteracts inflammatory effects on endothelial progenitor cells. FASEB J. 33: 9142-9153.

Robin Kosch, Julien Delarocque, Peter Claus, Stefanie C. Becker and Klaus Jung (2018): Gene expression profiles in neurological tissues during West Nile virus infection: a critical meta-analysis. BMC Genomics, 19(1): 530.

Lisa M Walter, Christiane E Koch, Corinne A Betts, Nina Ahlskog, Katharina E Meijboom, Tirsa LE van Westering, Gareth Hazell, Amarjit Bhomra, Peter Claus, Henrik Oster, Matthew JA Wood, Melissa Bowerman (2018): Light modulation improves circadian dysregulation and phenotype in spinal muscular atrophy mice. Human Molecular Genetics 27: 3582-3597.

Balek L, Buchtova M, Kunova Bosakova M, Varecha M, Foldynova-Trantirkova S, Gudernova I1, Vesela I, Havlik J, Neburkova J, Turner S, Krzyscik MA, Zakrzewska M, Klimaschewski L, Claus P, Trantirek L, Cigler P, Krejci P (2018): Nanodiamonds as artificial proteins: regulation of cell signaling system using picomolar solutions of inorganic nanocrystals. Biomaterials 176: 106-121.

Lisa Marie Walter, Marc-Olivier Deguise, Katharina E Meijboom, Corinne A Betts, Nina Ahlskog, Tirsa LE van Westering, Gareth Hazell, Emily McFall, Anna Kordala, Suzan M Hammond, Frank Abendroth, Lyndsay M Murray, Hannah K Shorrock, Domenick A Prosdocimo, Saptarsi M Haldar, Mukesh K Jain, Thomas H Gillingwater, Peter Claus, Rashmi Kothary, Matthew JA Wood, Melissa Bowerman (2018): Interventions targeting glucocorticoid-Krüppel-like factor 15-branched-chain amino acid signaling improve disease phenotypes in spinal muscular atrophy mice. EBioMedicine 31: 226-242.

Uhde AK, Ciurkiewicz M, Herder V, Akram Khan M, Hensel N, Claus P, Beckstette M, Teich R., Floess S., Baumgärtner W, Jung K, Huehn J, Beineke A (2018): Intact interleukin-10 receptor signaling protects from hippocampal damage following experimental neurotropic virus infection of SJL mice. Scientific Reports 8: 6106

Hensel N. & Claus P. (2018): The actin cytoskeleton in SMA and ALS: How does it contribute to motoneuron degeneration? Neuroscientist 24: 54-72.

Hensel N., Baskal S., Brinkmann H., Gernert M., Claus P. (2017): ERK and ROCK functionally interact in a signaling network that is compensationally upregulated in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Neurobiol. Dis. 108: 352-361.

Rademacher S., Verheijen B.M., Hensel N., Peters M., Bora G., Brandes G., Vieira de Sá R., Heidrich N., Fischer S., Brinkmann H., van der Pol W.L., Wirth B., Pasterkamp R.J., Claus P. (2017): Metalloprotease-mediated cleavage of PlexinD1 and its sequestration to actin rods in the motoneuron disease Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Human Molecular Genetics 26: 3946-3959.

Hensel N. & Claus P. (2017): The actin cytoskeleton in SMA and ALS: How does it contribute to motoneuron degeneration? Neuroscientist, in press.

Stanslowsky N., Reinhardt P., Glass H., Kalmbach N., Naujock M., Hensel N., Lübben V., Pal A., Venneri A., Lupo F., De Franceschi L., Claus P., Sterneckert J., Storch A., Hermann A., Wegner F. (2016): Neuronal dysfunction in iPSC-derived medium spiny neurons from Chorea-Acanthocytosis patients is reversed by Src-kinase inhibition and F-actin stabilization. J. Neurosci. 36:12027–12043.

Rumpel R.*, Baron O.*, Ratzka A.*, Schröder M.-L., Hohmann M, Effenberg A., Claus P., Grothe C. (2016): Innervation of forebrain targets by midbrain dopaminergic neurons depends on FGF signaling. Neuroscience 314: 134-144. * First authors contributed equally.

Hensel N.*, Schön A.,*, Konen T.*, Lübben V., Förthmann B., Baron O., Grothe C., Leifheit-Nestler M.#, Claus P.#, Haffner D.# (2016): Fibroblast growth factor 23 acting on hippocampal neurons: Impact on neuronal morphology and synaptic density. J. Neurochem., 137:756-69. DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13585. *Contributed equally as first authors; #contributed equally as senior authors.

Förthmann B., Grothe C., Claus P. (2015): A nuclear odyssey: Fibroblast Growth Factor -2 (FGF-2) as a regulator of nuclear homeostasis in the nervous system. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72: 1651- 1662.

Förthmann B., Aletta J., Lee Y.-W., Terranova C., Birkaya B., Stachowiak E., Stachowiak M.K., Claus P. (2015): Coalition of nuclear receptors in the nervous system. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2875-2880. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25036.

Hensel N., Rademacher S., Claus P. (2015): Chatting with the neighbors: Crosstalk between Rho-kinase (ROCK) and other signaling pathways for treatment of neurological disorders. Front. Neurosci. 9:198. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00198.

Li S., Payne S., Wang F., Claus P., Su Z., Groth J., Geradts J., de Ridder G., Alvarez R., Marcom P.K., Pizzo S.V., Bachelder R.E. (2015): Nuclear basic fibroblast growth factor regulates triple-negative breast cancer chemo-resistance. Breast Cancer Research 17: 91.

Hensel N., Stockbrügger I., Rademacher S., Broughton N., Brinkmann H., Grothe C., Claus P. (2014): Bilateral Crosstalk of Rho- and Extracellular-Signal-Regulated -Kinase (ERK) Pathways is Confined to an Unidirectional Mode in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Cellular Signalling 26: 540-548.

Förthmann B., van Bergeijk B., Lee Y.W., Lübben V., Schill Y., Brinkmann H., Ratzka A., Stachowiak M.K., Hebert M, Grothe C., Claus P. (2013): Regulation of neuronal differentiation by proteins associated with nuclear bodies. PLoS One 8(12):e82871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082871.

Förthmann B., Brinkmann H., Ratzka A., Stachowiak M.K., Grothe C., Claus P. (2013): Immobile survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein stored in Cajal bodies can be mobilized by protein interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci. 70: 2555–2568.

Sun H., Bénardais K., Stanslowsky N., Thau N., Hensel N., Huang D., Claus P., Dengler R., Stangel M., Petri S. (2013): Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells and MSC conditioned medium in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - In vitro evidence from primary motor neuron cultures, NSC-34 cells, astrocytes and microglia. PLoS One 8(9): e72926.

Müller M., Diensthuber R.P., Chizhov I., Claus P., Heissler S.M., Preller M., Taft M.H., Manstein D.J. (2013): Distinct functional interactions between actin isoforms and nonsarcomeric myosins. PLoS One 8(7): e70636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070636.

Lee Y-W., Stachowiak E. K., Birkaya B., Terranova C., Cappachietti M., Claus P., Aletta J., Stachowiak M.K. (2013): NGF-Stimulated Neurite Outgrowth and Activation of Early and Late Neuronal Genes Is Mediated by Integrative Nuclear FGF Receptor-1 (FGFR1) Signaling (INFS). PLoS One. 2013 8: e68931. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068931.

Irschick R., Trost T., Karp G., Hausott B., Auer M., Claus P., Klimaschewski L. (2012) Sorting of the FGF receptor 1 in a human glioma cell line. Histochem. Cell Biol., 139: 135-148.

Lee Y.W., Terranova C., Birkaya B., Narla S., Kehoe D., Parikh A., Dong S., Ratzka A., Brinkmann H., Aletta J.M., Tzanakakis E.S., Stachowiak E.K., Claus P.*, Stachowiak M.K.* (2012) A novel nuclear FGF Receptor-1 partnership with retinoid and Nur receptors during developmental gene programming of embryonic stem cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2920-36. * These senior authors are both corresponding authors.

Baron O., Förthmann B.$, Lee Y.W.$, Terranova C.$, Ratzka A., Stachowiak E.K., Grothe C., Claus P.*, Stachowiak M.K.* (2012) Cooperation of nuclear FGFR1 and Nurr1 offers a new interactive mechanism in postmitotic development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 287: 19827-40. $ These authors contributed equally; * These authors contributed equally as senior authors.

Bosio Y., Berto G., Camera P., Bianchi F., Ambrogio C., Claus P., Di Cunto F. (2012) PPP4R2 regulates neuronal cell differentiation and survival, functionally cooperating with SMN. European Journal of Cell Biology 91: 662-74.

Hensel N., Ratzka A., Brinkmann H., Klimaschewski L., Grothe C., Claus P. (2012) Analysis of the Fibroblast Growth Factor system reveals alterations in a mouse model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. PLoS One 7: e31202.

Jungnickel J., Eckhardt M., Haastert-Talini K., Claus P., Bronzlik P., Walnik L., Lipokatic-Takacs E., Kuhlemann K., Maier H., Gieselmann V., Grothe C. (2012) Polysialyltransferase-overexpression in Schwann cells mediates different effects during peripheral nerve regeneration. Glycobiology 22: 107-115.

Nölle A., Zeug A., van Bergeijk J., Tönges L., Gerhard R., Brinkmann H., Al Rayes S., Hensel N., Schill Y., Apkhazava D., Jablonka S., O´mer J., Srivastav R.K., Baasner A., Lingor P., Wirth B., Ponimaskin E., Niedenthal R., Grothe C., Claus P. (2011) The Spinal Muscular Atrophy disease protein SMN is linked to the Rho-kinase pathway via profilin. Human Molecular Genetics 20: 4865-4878.

Kreutzer M., Seehusen F., Kreutzer R., Pringproa K., Kummerfeld, M., Claus P., Deschl U., Kalkul A., Beineke A., Baumgärtner W., Ulrich R. (2011): Axonopathy is associated with complex axonal 1 transport defects 2 in a model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathology 22: 454-71.

Heurich B., Bahia el Idrissi N., Donev R.M., Petri S., Claus P., Neal J., Morgan B.P., Ramaglia V. (2011) Complement upregulation and activation on motor neurons and neuromuscular junction in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunology 235:104-109.

Nobre A., Kalve I., Cesnulevicius K., Rangancokova D., Ratzka A., Halfer N., Wesemann M., Krampfl K., Claus P., Grothe C. (2010) Characterization and differentiation potential of rat ventral mesencephalic neuronal progenitor cells immortalized with SV40 large T antigen. Cell Tissue Res. 340:29-43.

Bruns, A.F., van Bergeijk J., Lorbeer C., Nölle A., Jungnickel J., Grothe C., Claus P. (2009) The Growth Factor FGF-2 Regulates the Stability of Nuclear Bodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (PNAS) 106: 12747-12752.

Jungnickel J., Haastert K., Grzybek M., Thau N., Lipokatic-Takacs E., Ratzka A., Nölle A., Claus P., Grothe C. (2009) Mice lacking basic fibroblast growth factor showed faster sensory recovery. Exp. Neurol. 223:166-72.

Dunham-Ems S.M., Lee Y.W., Stachowiak E.K., Pudavar H., Claus P., Prasad P.N., Stachowiak M.K. (2009) Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1) Nuclear Dynamics Reveal a Novel Mechanism in Transcription Control. Mol. Biol. Cell 20: 2401-12.

Bruns A.F., Grothe C., Claus P. (2009) Fibroblast Growth Factor - 2 (FGF-2) is a novel substrate for arginine methylation by PRMT5. Biol. Chem. 390: 59-65.

Knop E, Knop N, Claus P. (2008) Local Production of Secretory IgA in the Eye-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (EALT) of the Normal Human Ocular Surface. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49: 2322-9.

Koehler NK, Roebbert M, Dehghani K, Ballmaier M, Claus P., von Hoersten S, Shing M, Odin P, Strehlau J, Heidenreich F. (2008) Up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor by peripheral-blood leukocytes during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J. Neurosci. Res. 86: 392-402.

Grothe C., Claus P., Haastert K., Lutwak E. and Ron D. (2008) Expression and regulation of Sef, a novel signalling inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases mediated signalling in the nervous system. Acta Histochemica 110: 155-162.

Ma X. , Dang X. , Claus P., Hirst C., Fandrich R.R., Jin Y., Grothe C., Kirshenbaum L.A., Cattini P.A. and Kardami E. (2007) Chromatin compaction and cell death by high molecular weight FGF-2 depend on its nuclear localization, intracrine erk activation and engagement of mitochondria. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 690-698.

van Bergeijk J., Rydel-Könecke K., Grothe C. and Claus P. (2007) Functional domain mapping of the survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein: importance of the C-terminus for neurite outgrowth. FASEB Journal 21:1492-502 cited in Faculty of 1000 Biology: http://www.f1000biology.com/article/id/1069711/evaluation “Recommended”

Hahnen E., Eyüpoglu I.Y., Brichta L., Haastert K., Tränkle C., Siebzehnrübl F.A., Riessland M., Hölker I., Claus P., Romstöck J., Buslei R., Wirth B., and I. Blümcke (2006) Therapy of Spinal Muscular Atrophy using Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid, a second generation Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. J. Neurochem., 98: 193-202.

Wesche J., Małecki J., Więdłocha A., Skiple Skjerpen C., Claus P., Olsnes S. (2006) FGF-1 and FGF-2 require the cytosolic chaperone HSP90 for translocation into the cytosol and the cell nucleus. J. Biol. Chem., 281: 11405-12.

van Bergeijk J., Haastert K., Grothe C., Claus P. (2006) Valproic acid promotes neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells independent from regulation of the survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein. Chem. Biol. Drug Design (formerly: J. Peptide Res.), 67: 244-247.

Haastert K., Grosskreutz J., Jaeckel M., Laderer C., Bufler J., Grothe C., Claus P. (2005) Rat embryonic motoneurons in long-term co-culture with Schwann cells – a system to investigate motoneuron diseases on a cellular level in vitro. J. Neurosci. Methods 142: 275-284.

Gringel S., van Bergeijk J., Haastert K., Grothe C., Claus P. (2004) Nuclear Fibroblast Growth Factor - 2 Interacts Specifically with the Splicing Factor SF3a66. Biological Chemistry 385: 1203–1208.

Grothe C., Timmer M., Scholz T. Winkler C., Nikkhah G., Claus P., Itoh N., Arenas E. (2004) Fibroblast growth factor-20 promotes the dopaminergic differentiation of Nurr1-overexpressing neural stem cells. Neurobiol. Dis. 17, 163-170.

Jungnickel J., Claus P., Gransalke K., Timmer M, Grothe C. (2004) Targeted disruption of the FGF-2 gene affects the response to peripheral nerve injury. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 25:444-52.

Nindl W., Kavakebi P., Claus P., Grothe C., Pfaller K., Klimaschewski, L. (2004) Expression of FGF-2 isoforms in postmitotic sympathetic neurons: synthesis, nuclear transport and involvement in karyokinesis. Neuroscience.124:561-72.

Claus P., Werner S., Timmer M., Grothe C. (2004) Expression of the fibroblast growth factor-2 isoforms and the FGF receptor 1 – 4 transcripts in the rat model system of Parkinson`s disease. Neurosci Lett. 360:117-20.

Claus P., Bruns AF, Grothe C. (2004) Fibroblast growth factor-223 is binding directly to the survival of motoneuron protein and is associated with small nuclear RNAs. Biochem J. 384: 559-565.

Claus P., Döring F, Gringel S, Müller-Ostermeyer F, Fuhlrott J., Kraft T., Grothe C. (2003) Differential Intranuclear Localization of Fibroblast Growth Factor - 2 (FGF-2) Isoforms and Specific Interaction with the Survival of Motoneuron Protein. J. Biol. Chem., 278:479-485.

Jedrusik M.A., Vogt S., Claus P., Schulze E. (2002) A novel type of linker histone is a cytoplasmic filament associated protein in Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Cell Sci. 115: 2881-2891.

Müller-Ostermeyer F*., Claus P.*, Grothe C. (2001) Distinctive effects of rat fibroblast growth factor-2 isoforms on PC12 and Schwann cells. Growth factors, 19: 175-191. [* These authors contributed equally to this work].

Üner A., Weinberg A.M., Nautrup C.P., Kassianoff I., Lüdemann W., Schier F., Claus P., Berens von Rautenfeld D. (2001) Spontaneous reanastomosis between lymphatic vessels following syngeneic transplantation of the small intestine in the rat. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 23: 383-387.

Grothe C., Meisinger C., Claus P., (2001) In vivo expression and localization of the fibroblast growth factor system in the intact and lesioned rat peripheral nerve and spinal ganglia. J. Comp. Neurol. 434: 342-357.

Wewetzer, K., Grothe C., Claus P. (2001) Expression and regulation of CNTF and CNTFR in cultured neonatal rat olfactory ensheathing cells. Neurosci. Lett. 306: 165-168.

Claus P., Grothe C. (2001) Molecular cloning and developmental expression of rat fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Histochem Cell Biol 115: 147-155.

Heyduk E., Heyduk T., Claus P., Wisniewski J.R. (1997) Conformational changes of DNA induced by binding of Chironomus High Mobility Group Protein 1a: Regions flanking an HMG1-box domain do not influence the bend angle of the DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 272:19763-70

Wisniewski J.R., Hessler K., Claus P., Zechel K. (1997) Structural and functional consequences of mutations within the hydrophobic cores of the HMG1-box domain of the insect protein cHMG1a. Eur. J. Biochem. 243: 151-59.

Ghidelli S., Claus P., Thies G., Wisniewski J.R. (1997) High mobility group proteins cHMG1a, cHMG1b, and cHMGI are distinctly distributed in chromosomes and differentially expressed during ecdysone dependent cell differentiation. Chromosoma 105:369-79.

Claus P., Schulze E., Wisniewski J.R. (1994) Insect proteins homologous to mammalian high mobility group proteins I/Y (HMG I/Y). Characterization and binding to linear and four-way junction DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 33042-48