Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT)
MRI is based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Since the magnetic resonance properties of hydrogen nuclei (or protons) in water depend on a number of physiological parameters, MRI can be used to visualize spatially resolved tissue parameters such as water content, cell density, iron content, oxygenation, metabolite concentration and even elasticity. If necessary, contrast agents such as molecules containing gadolinium, iron oxide or manganese can be used. Contrast agents can be used to increase diagnostic sensitivity or as specific biomarkers as well as to measure blood flow, blood volume and tissue perfusion. MRI is therefore one of the most versatile imaging modalities.
- Advantages:
MRI offers very good soft tissue contrast, which is why it is particularly popular for examining the brain, muscles, heart, kidneys and tumors. Unlike CT or X-ray, no ionizing radiation is used. - Limitations:
Depending on the field strength, it only offers a relatively low sensitivity, which limits the throughput rate. Bone and air-filled tissue such as the lungs are only accessible using specialized methods.