Univ.-Prof. Dr. Tim Sparwasser / Institute of Infection Immunology / Twincore

Research report 2014

Normally, T helper cells play an important role in the defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. However, the messenger substances (so-called cytokines) released by T cells can also have a strong pro-inflammatory effect. If the control of the T-cell response fails, this can lead to chronic inflammation, which can even be directed specifically against the body's own tissue, as in the case of autoimmune diseases.

Changes in intracellular metabolism have a significant influence on the differentiation and function of T cells.
A study from the Institute of Infection Immunology at Twincore (Berod et al. Nat Med. 2014 20:1327-33) was able to show that the development of inflammatory CD4+ T helper cells depends on the activation of intracellular de novo fatty acid synthesis. Blockade of a key enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)1, by the myxobacterial agent soraphen A not only very effectively inhibits the development of murine and human inflammatory T cells, but also simultaneously favors the development of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells. These results point to a completely new way of modulating the balance between inflammatory and regulatory T cells in autoimmune or infection-associated processes in the body by directly interfering with intracellular lipid metabolism.